Strategies For Control

Economic Consequences

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Economic Consequences

FMD outbreaks can have devastating effects upon the agricultural economies of developed, particularly FMD-free, countries due to the direct costs of control and the indirect cost of trade embargos; a recent (1997) example is the FMD epidemic in the national pig herd in FMD-free Taiwan Province of China, in which more than 6000 farms and four million animals were involved.

Costs of routine control include annual vaccination, emergency vaccination, loss of production, and loss of export earnings in endemic countries. In FMD-free countries control costs consist of maintenance of border control, routine surveillance and maintenance of strategic vaccine banks. In the case of an outbreak in FMD-free countries, costs then include costs of slaughter, compensation for slaughter, loss of export earnings, interference with internal trade/production and possibly vaccine use (Horst et al., 1996).

FMD threatens the livelihoods of simple farmers, large sophisticated farming practices and the national and international agricultural economies of countries.

Local Consequences of FMD National and International Consequences of FMD Cost-Benefit Analysis

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